Stage 1: GFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m²
Stage 2: GFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m²
Stage 3: GFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m²
Stage 4: GFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m²
Stage 5: GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m² (End-Stage Renal Disease)
What are the Causes of CKD?
Common causes of CKD include
diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. Other risk factors include age, family history, and prolonged use of certain medications.
What are the Symptoms of CKD?
CKD often progresses silently with few symptoms in its early stages. Symptoms may include fatigue, swelling in the ankles and feet, shortness of breath,
nausea, and decreased appetite. In advanced stages, patients may experience
uremia, leading to confusion and seizures.
How is CKD Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of CKD involves blood tests to measure serum creatinine and calculate GFR, urine tests to check for albuminuria, and imaging studies such as
ultrasound to observe kidney structure.
Medications: ACE inhibitors or ARBs for blood pressure control, statins for cholesterol management, and phosphate binders for hyperphosphatemia.
Dialysis: Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal disease.
Kidney Transplant: A viable option for suitable candidates with end-stage renal disease.
Lifestyle Modifications: Dietary changes, smoking cessation, weight management, and regular exercise.
Educating patients and families about the disease, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications.
Monitoring vital signs, laboratory results, and patient adherence to treatment plans.
Providing emotional support and counseling to help patients cope with their condition.
Coordinating care with other healthcare professionals, including nephrologists, dietitians, and social workers.
Encouraging regular monitoring of blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and kidney function.
Promoting a
healthy diet low in sodium, potassium, and phosphorus.
Recommending regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight.
Supporting smoking cessation and moderation of alcohol intake.
Providing information on the importance of medication adherence and regular follow-up appointments.
Conclusion
Chronic Kidney Disease requires a comprehensive approach involving patient education, lifestyle changes, and medical management. Nurses play an integral role in the multidisciplinary team, ensuring that patients receive holistic and compassionate care.
