What is Angioplasty?
Angioplasty is a medical procedure used to widen narrowed or obstructed
blood vessels, typically to treat arterial atherosclerosis. It involves the insertion of a catheter with a balloon at its tip, which is inflated to open up the artery. Sometimes, a stent is placed to keep the artery open.
Pre-Procedure Nursing Care
Nurses play a crucial role in preparing patients for angioplasty. This includes:
- Educating patients about the procedure, its risks, and benefits.
- Ensuring informed consent is obtained.
- Conducting a thorough pre-procedure assessment, including reviewing medical history and current medications.
- Administering any pre-procedural medications as prescribed.
- Monitoring vital signs and ensuring the patient is NPO (nothing by mouth) for a specific period before the procedure.Intra-Procedure Nursing Role
During the angioplasty, nurses are responsible for:
- Assisting the cardiologist in setting up the sterile field and preparing necessary instruments.
- Monitoring the patient’s vital signs, oxygen levels, and overall status throughout the procedure.
- Administering medications and IV fluids as required.
- Providing emotional support and reassurance to the patient.Post-Procedure Nursing Care
After the procedure, nurses need to focus on:
- Monitoring for complications such as bleeding, hematoma formation, or allergic reactions to contrast dye.
- Assessing the insertion site for signs of infection or excessive bleeding.
- Ensuring the patient remains on bed rest for a specified period to prevent complications.
- Managing pain and discomfort with appropriate medications.
- Educating the patient on post-procedure care, including activity restrictions and medication adherence.Complications and Nursing Interventions
Complications from angioplasty can include:
-
Bleeding or hematoma at the catheter insertion site.
- Infection.
- Allergic reactions to contrast dye.
- Blood vessel damage.
- Restenosis (re-narrowing of the artery).
Nursing interventions include:
- Regularly monitoring and documenting the patient’s vital signs and insertion site.
- Administering antibiotics if an infection is suspected.
- Providing antihistamines or corticosteroids for allergic reactions.
- Educating the patient on signs of complications and when to seek medical help.
Patient Education and Discharge Planning
Nurses play a vital role in educating patients and planning for discharge. Key points include:
- Explaining the importance of lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation.
- Advising on medication adherence, including antiplatelet therapy to prevent clot formation.
- Scheduling follow-up appointments and tests to monitor the patient’s recovery and the success of the procedure.
- Teaching the patient about recognizing and responding to potential complications at home.Emotional Support and Counseling
Undergoing angioplasty can be a stressful experience for patients. Nurses should offer emotional support and counseling, addressing any fears or concerns the patient may have. Encouraging open communication and providing resources for additional support can help patients cope better with their condition and recovery process.
