What is Amphetamine?
Amphetamine is a potent central nervous system stimulant primarily used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It works by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, which helps to improve focus, attention, and energy levels.
Why is Amphetamine Prescribed?
Amphetamines are commonly prescribed for conditions like
ADHD and
narcolepsy. In ADHD, they help improve concentration and reduce impulsive behaviors. For narcolepsy, amphetamines help manage excessive daytime sleepiness by promoting wakefulness.
How is Amphetamine Administered?
Amphetamines can be administered in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and extended-release formulations. The specific dosage and form depend on the patient's condition and medical history. It is crucial to follow the prescribing healthcare provider's instructions carefully to avoid potential side effects and complications.
What are the Common Side Effects?
Common side effects of amphetamines include increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, insomnia, dry mouth, and loss of appetite. More severe side effects can include heart palpitations, chest pain, and mental health issues like anxiety and paranoia. It's essential for nurses to monitor patients closely for any adverse reactions.
- Monitor Vital Signs: Regularly check the patient's blood pressure, heart rate, and weight.
- Assess Mental Health: Evaluate for any signs of anxiety, depression, or psychosis.
- Educate Patients: Provide information on the proper use, potential side effects, and the importance of adhering to the prescribed dosage.
- Substance Abuse Potential: Be aware of the potential for abuse and dependency. Screen for any history of substance abuse before initiating treatment.
What are the Contraindications?
Amphetamines are contraindicated in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, severe anxiety, hyperthyroidism, or a history of substance abuse. Additionally, they should not be used in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) due to the risk of hypertensive crisis.
How to Manage Overdose?
In cases of amphetamine overdose, immediate medical attention is required. Symptoms of overdose can include hyperactivity, rapid breathing, confusion, hallucinations, and seizures. Treatment may involve activated charcoal, gastric lavage, and supportive measures such as intravenous fluids and medications to manage symptoms.
Legal and Ethical Considerations
Nurses must adhere to legal and ethical guidelines when administering amphetamines. This includes proper documentation, adhering to prescription guidelines, and ensuring that medications are stored securely to prevent misuse. Nurses should also be aware of the potential for diversion and take steps to prevent it.Conclusion
Amphetamines play a significant role in managing conditions like ADHD and narcolepsy. However, their potent effects and potential for abuse necessitate careful monitoring and management by healthcare professionals. By understanding the pharmacology, side effects, and nursing considerations, nurses can ensure safe and effective use of amphetamines in their patients.
